Predisposing factors to cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in North-Western Nigeria.

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus infection is the most common intrauterine infection prevalent worldwide but more in communities with poor socioeconomic status and low level of sanitation. It is usually beneath the threshold of clinical recognition but could cause serious illness in the developing foetus and immunocompromised. Low socioeconomic status, increasing parity, older age and immunocompromised state are known to favor the virus transmission.  The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for CMV seropositivity to guide on possible prevention and control.  The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, combining the use of a structured questionnaire and analysis of serum samples obtained from 174 apparently healthy pregnant women attending ANC at General Hospital Jahun, Jigawa State- Nigeria. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 174 apparently healthy pregnant women, 152 (87.4%) were seropositive for at least Immunoglobulin M or Immunoglobulin G against CMV. There was a statistical significant association between CMV-Specific IgG seropositivity and marriage setting (p=0.018) with majority of clients being in polygamous setting. However, no significant association was demonstrated statistically with other factors (p-value <0.05). With marriage setting identified as risk factor for CMV seropositivity, many children are at risk of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and its manifestations especially those that are product of polygamous setting. Therefore, there is need for an intervention policy for the prevention and control of cytomegalovirus infection in the study area.