Evaluation of Some Proinflammatory Cytokine levels in Haemoglobin-S Variants Subjects in Port Harcourt Nigeria.

Abstract

Proinflammotory cytokines os signoling molecules play key roles in vaso-occlusive crisis, inflommotion ond otherosclerosis ond have been implicoted in sickle cell disease ond anaemia. This cross-sectional study evoluated the level of some proinflammotory cytokines in haemoglobin-S vorionts steady-stote subjects in Port-Horcourt Nigerio. Eighty (80) subjects comprising of haemoglobin-S vorionts in steady- state ond apparently healthy haemoglobin A (HbAA) male ond female aged within 5-60yeors were recruited for the study. Five millilitres (Smls) of venous blood were aseptically collected by venepuncture from eoch porticipont into ploin tube ond onolyzed using Elobscience ELISA kits. Dota obtained were onalyzed using SPSS version 24, ond results considered to be significont ot p<0.05. Results showed that Proinflommatory cytokine in the study ore all within detectoble normal reference ronges with interleukin | (IL-1) values significontly higher in HbSC subjects (13.71+3.82pg/ml), followed by HbSS subjects (10.80+2.48pg/ml), HbAA subjects (6.51+1.20pg/ml) ond lowest in HbAS subjects (5.71+0.86pg/ml) (p<0.0001). Similar pattern wos observed in interleukin 6 (IL-6) values with HbSC subjects (44.45+14.68pg/ml), HbSS subjects (38.20+13.20pg/ml), HbAA subjects (28.95+4.91pg/ml) ond HbAS subjects (26.10+4.53pg/ml) respectively (p<0.0001) while Tumour Necrosis factor olpha (TNF-a) values were high in HbSS subjects (75.75+25.56pg/ml) and HbSC (71.90+16.30pg/ml) ond lowest in HbAA (36.70+22.75pg/ml) ond HbAS (33.85+22.39pg/ml) respectively (p<0.0001). Comporison of IL-1, IL-6 ond TNF-a level based on gender showed no stotisticolly significont difference ocross the vorious studied groups (p>0.05). This study has revealed that the values of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a ore oll within detectoble normal reference ronges in hoemoglobin-S variant steady-state subjects although significontly elevated volues are seen in HbSC and HbSS subjects. Gender has no effect on the expression of IL-l, IL-6 and TNF-a. Meosurement of IL-1, IL-6 ond TNF-a level is recommended as an indirect way of investigoting/monitoring degree of immune response, inflommation, red cell haemolysis ond possibly plotelet aggregation in haemoglobin-S variont steady-state subjects.