Descriptive Analysis of Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Clinical Specimens at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomosho

Abstract

The emergence of drug - resistant Enterobacteriaceae is a major concern in clinical care. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among patients at Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomosho. This cross-sectional experimental study received ethical approval from BUTH? s Research Ethics Committee (BUTH/REC-1146). Clinical samples? including sputum, wound swabs, eye/ear swabs, and urine? were collected via convenience sampling from various hospital departments. Standard microbiological culture techniques were used, with biochemical identification performed using API 20E and API 20NE. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted via E-test, following 2023 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 96 patients enrolled, 71 (73.96%) had Enterobacteriaceae infections. Females accounted for 44 cases (61.46%), while males represented 27 (38.54%). The highest infection rate was in the 18? 64 age group (49, 68.75%), followed by older adults (12, 16.67%). Traders constituted the largest occupational group affected (24, 28.13%). Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism (33, 34.38%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28, 29.17%). Sputum samples yielded the highest pathogen recovery rate (31, 43.66%), followed by urine (23, 32.39%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance to amoxicillin (100%), while Escherichia coli showed 60.5% resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The ESBLs producing strains recovered were 21.7% and 63.6% respectively. The lowest resistance (2.4%) was observed for imipenem against both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The high resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to amoxicillin? particularly in respiratory and urinary tract infections? highlights the urgent need for ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and alternative treatment strategies in Ogbomoso.