Relevance of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Laboratory Science with Emphasis on Histopathology Specialty.

Abstract

The act of creating machines that carry out functions requiring intelligence performed by humans is often known as artificial intelligence (AI). When the act is replicated in Medicine and especially in the current day histopathology practice, then it is termed as artificial intelligence in Medicine as it relates to medical practice and or histopathology. In this paper, we reviewed and discussed numerous works that have been done relating to Artificial Intelligence in Medical Laboratory Science with an emphasis in the field of histopathology. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevance of artificial intelligence in Medical Laboratory Science and its particular usefulness to the Medical Laboratory Scientists and Pathologists in histopathology in Nigeria. Another goal was to deduce specifically a method in artificial intelligence, which is best suitable for a pathological diagnosis using tissues. Relevant literature from
MEDLINE and PubMed indexed journals were searched electronically with the keywords: AIM, ANFIS, CANFIS, MANFIS, Neural Network and histopathology. The searches were limited to articles in the English language, and the items describing AIM as it relates to histopathology and Medical Laboratory Science were collected and reviewed concisely. Studies, however, showed that AI has
reportedly been used for different tumor diagnosis in the field of histopathology, which helps in the accuracy of the final output. Unlike other areas of business and engineering, in which the programming methods are purely statistical and probabilistic compared to the medical AI in which the input factors are based on clinical manifestations. We, however, advocate for the proper integration of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Laboratory Science especially the histopathology practice, which will assist in the making rapid, accurate and valid diagnosis.