Histomorphological Assessment and Characterization of The Alcoholic Extract of Azadirachta Indica Heartwood as A Counterstain

Abstract

Azadirachta indica (Neem tree) belongs to the family Meliaceae which is found in abundance in tropical and semitropical regions like Nigeria. It is a fast-growing tree with 20–23 m tall and trunk is straight and has a diameter around 4-5 ft. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, with each comprising 5–15 leaflets. This study was carried out to find out histomorphological assessment and characterization of the alcoholic extract of Azadirachta indica heartwood as a counterstain. The alcoholic extraction and characterization of the extract were conducted using maceration method and GC-MS analysis respectively. The extract was used to stain some selected organs (liver and kidney) at varying pH (4-6) and concentration (0.5%, 1% and 2%) for the duration of 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes to established staining interactions of the alcoholic extract. The data were presented as tables, graph and photomicrographs. The selected organs gave better staining properties with 0.5%, and 1% concentration at all the pH variation and time interval used. And also revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds like (Methylthio)- acetonitrile, 1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-1propanone (E)-oxime, cis-4-Ethoxy- b-methyl-b-nitrostyrene, 2-formylCyclopropanecarboxamide, N-benzoyl oxy-, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-5-phenoxy-6-phenyl-, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-5-phenoxy-6-phenyl-, 1- Iodo-2-methylnonane, 2,3-bis (phenyl amino)-, 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl- etc. This study established the cytoplasmic counter-staining ability of Azadirachta indica heartwood extract solution and it is therefore suggested that alcoholic extract

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(0.5% and 1%) of Azadirachta indica can be substituted for eosin due to its
domestic availability and ease of preparation.